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Sarcopenia: an overview

E. Marzetti, R. Calvani, M. Tosato, et al.

Aging Clin Exp Res Epub 2017 Feb 10

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The “Sarcopenia and Physical fRailty IN older people: multi-componenT Treatment strategies” project (the SPRINTT project) has operationalized a specific condition, named physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S), characterized by the combination of low physical performance (based on the Short Physical Performance Battery) and low muscle mass (according to the FNIH cut-points). A randomized controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-component intervention for preventing mobility disability and other adverse health outcomes in older adults with PF&S.

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Nonpharmacological interventions to treat physical frailty and sarcopenia in older patients: a systematic overview - the SENATOR Project ONTOP Series

I. Lozano-Montoya, A. Correa-Pérez, I. Abraha, et al.

Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:721-740

This overview of systematic reviews highlights the importance of exercise interventions with or without nutritional supplementation to improve the physical performance in community-dwelling patients aged >65 years with physical frailty and sarcopenia. Muscle strength was improved with multidisciplinary treatment and exercise interventions in this population.

 

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Neuroimaging signatures of frailty: A population-based study in community-dwelling older adults (the Atahualpa Project)

O.H.Del Brutto,.R.M. Mera, K. Cagino, et al.

Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017;17(2):270-276

The present study identifies neuroimaging signatures in older adults interviewed with the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS).
According to interaction models, prefrail or frail individuals aged ≥67 years presented more prominent neuroimaging signatures of diffuse cortical or subcortical damage than their robust counterparts.

 

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Interventions for Treating Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies

Y. Yoshimura, H. Wakabayashi, M. Yamada, et al.

J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017; 18(6):553.e1-553.e16

This systematic review and meta-analysis showed some positive effects of exercise and nutritional interventions for treating sarcopenia in older people.

 

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Serum levels of C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) are associated with sarcopenia in older multimorbid community-dwellers: Results from the ilSIRENTE study

F. Landi, R. Calvani, M. Lorenzi, et al.

Exp Gerontol. 2016;79:31-36

The C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) is a circulating byproduct of neuromuscular junction disassembly. The present study was undertaken to verify if serum CAF levels were associated with sarcopenia in a population of old and very old persons living in the community.

The obtained results suggest that elevated serum CAF levels are associated with sarcopenia, independent of age, gender and several clinical, functional, anthropometric, and biochemical variables.

 

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C-reactive protein, frailty and overnight hospital admission in elderly individuals: A population-based study

Y. Zhu, Z. Liu, Y. Wang, et al.

Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016;64:1-5

C-reactive protein (CRP), an important inflammatory biomarker, has been linked to various diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease). This paper aimed to investigate the associations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with frailty and overnight hospital admission in an elderly Chinese population.

Authors concluded that elevated levels of hsCRP were associated with increased risks of frailty and overnight hospital admission among elderly individuals in Rugao.

 

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Nutritional status, body composition, and quality of life in community-dwelling sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic older adults: A case-control study

S. Verlaan, T.J. Aspray, J.M. Bauer, et al.

Clin Nutr. 2017; 36(1):267-274

The aim of this study was to compare functional and nutritional status, body composition, and quality of life of older adults between age and sex-matched older adults with and without sarcopenia.

In non-malnourished older adults with and without sarcopenia, it was observed that sarcopenia substantially impacted self-reported quality of life and physical activity levels. Differences in nutrient concentrations and dietary intakes were identified, which might be related to the differences in muscle mass, strength and function between the two groups.

 

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Depression and frailty in later life: a systematic review

L. Vaughan, A.L. Corbin, J.S. Goveas

Clin Interv Aging 2015;10:1947-58

Frailty and depression are important issues affecting older adults. Depressive syndrome may be difficult to clinically disambiguate from frailty in advanced old age. This review examined the published literature on cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between frailty and depressive symptomatology.

Prospective relationship between depressive symptomatology and increased risk of incident frailty was robust, while the opposite relationship was less conclusive. The presence of comorbidities that interact with depressive symptomatology increased incident frailty risk.

 

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