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Identification of frailty and sarcopenia in hospitalised older people

I. Echeverria , A. Besga, B. Sanz, et al.

Eur J Clin Invest . 2020 Oct 5;e13420. doi: 10.1111/eci.13420.

People with frailty and/or sarcopenia have an increased risk of negative health outcomes. However, their diagnosis is often difficult. Considering the potential value of myostatin and follistatin as biomarkers of these conditions, we aimed to compare the association between both myokines and frailty and/or sarcopenia in post-hospitalised older people. In addition, the capability of myostatin and follistatin for identifying frailty and sarcopenia was compared with physical tests.

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Dietary Fibre May Mitigate Sarcopenia Risk: Findings from the NU-AGE Cohort of Older European Adults

D. Montiel-Rojas, A. Nilsson, A. Santoro, et al.

Nutrients. 2020 Apr; 12(4): 1075. doi: 10.3390/nu12041075.

Sarcopenia is characterised by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical function as well as related metabolic disturbances. While fibre-rich diets can influence metabolic health outcomes, the impact on skeletal muscle mass and function is yet to be determined, and the moderating effects by physical activity (PA) need to be considered.

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Experimental Models of Sarcopenia: Bridging Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategy

S. Mankhong, S. Kim, S. Moon, et al.

Cells . 2020 Jun 2;9(6):E1385. doi: 10.3390/cells9061385.

In this article we describe the fundamental aging mechanisms. Next, e discuss both in vitro and in vivo experimental models based on molecular mechanisms that have the potential to elucidate the biochemical processes integral to sarcopenia. Lastly, we discuss the possible molecular targets and the current status of drug candidates for sarcopenia treatment.

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Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance in Older People: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

E. Gielen, D. Beckwée, A. Delaere, et al.

Nutr Rev. 2020;nuaa011. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa011.

The aim of this umbrella review was to provide an evidence-based overview of nutritional interventions targeting sarcopenia or at least 1 of the 3 sarcopenia criteria (ie, muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance) in persons aged ≥ 65 years.

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Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program in Physical Function and Muscle Mass in Sarcopenic/Pre-Sarcopenic Adults

H. Makizako, Y. Nakai, K. Tomioka, et al.

J Clin Med. 2020 May 8;9(5):E1386. doi: 10.3390/jcm9051386.

This study aimed to assess the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on physical function and muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia. Moreover, we aim to standardize the exercise program for easy incorporation in the daily life of community-dwelling older adults as a secondary outcome.

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Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine as a potential biomarker of frailty for elderly patients with cardiovascular disease

Y.D. Liang, Q. Liu, M.H. Du, et al.

Free Radic Biol Med. 2020 Mar 23;152:248-254. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.011. [Epub ahead of print]

The diagnosis of frailty is usually subjective, which calls for objective biomarkers in clinical medicine. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGsn) and 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGsn) in urine are two aging biomarkers that have not been explored deeply in cases of frailty.

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Older Adults with Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia Show Increased Levels of Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles with a Specific Mitochondrial Signature

A. Picca, R. Beli, R. Calvani, et al.

Cells. 2020 Apr 15;9(4). pii: E973. doi: 10.3390/cells9040973.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and systemic inflammation are major factors in the development of sarcopenia, but the molecular determinants linking the two mechanisms are only partially understood. The study of extracellular vesicle (EV) trafficking may provide insights into this relationship.

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Content of exercise programmes targeting older people with sarcopenia or frailty - findings from a UK survey

M.D. Witham, M. Chawner, S. Biase, et al.

J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls. 2020 Mar 1;5(1):17-23. doi: 10.22540/JFSF-05-017. eCollection 2020 Mar.

The aim was to establish whether existing exercise programmes offered to people with sarcopenia or frailty adhere to the current evidence base.

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